![]() ![]() The question is how do we get the difference between two directories in Linux? Here, we want to know what files/subdirectories are common in the two directories, those that are present in one directory but not in the other. Normally, to compare two files in Linux, we use the diff – a simple and original Unix command-line tool that shows you the difference between two computer files compares files line by line and it is easy to use, comes with pre-installed on most if not all Linux distributions. So if your are considering portability of the scripts running across POSIX and bash shells, this option wouldn't be right.In an earlier article, we reviewed 9 best file comparison and difference (Diff) tools for Linux and in this article, we will describe how to find the difference between two directories in Linux. Note that these extended glob support is not available in the POSIX bourne shell and its purely specific to recent versions of bash. Printf '%s\n' construct !() is a negate operation to not include any of the file extensions listed inside and | is an alternation operator just as used in the Extended Regular Expressions library to do an OR match of the globs. Assume you want to exclude file names with the extensions above, you could do excludeResults=() With the same syntax, one could use the results of the glob to exclude files of certain type. This could very well be expanded to have negate results also. of extensions *.gif, *.png and *.jpg, all you need to is ls -1 - **/ (*.jpg|*.gif|*.png) ![]() For example consider a case of needing to get all recursive image files i.e. similar to adding multiple flags in find command). file ending with multiple extension (i.e. This could very well be expanded to match multiple files i.e. Now for printing the actual files, just do printf '%s\n' an array and doing a proper quoted expansion is the right way when used in shell scripts, but for interactive use, you could simply use ls with the glob expression as ls -1 - **/*.csv The option ** is to recurse through the sub-folders and *.csv is glob expansion to include any file of the extensions mentioned. ![]() We use an array to populate the glob results because when quoted properly and expanded, the filenames with special characters would remain intact and not get broken due to word-splitting by the shell.įor example to list all the *.csv files in the recursive paths fileList=(**/*.csv) Now all you need to do is form the glob expression to include the files of a certain extension which you can do as below. And globstar that allows to recurse through all the directories shopt -s extglob nullglob globstar nullglob in which an unmatched glob is swept away entirely, replaced with a set of zero words. Additionally you could use couple of options more i.e. The options are enabled with the -s support and disabled with he -u flag. The extended option is extglob which needs to be set using the shopt option as below. The bash shell provides an extended glob support option using which you can get the file names under recursive paths that match with the extensions you want. Though using find command can be useful here, the shell itself provides options to achieve this requirement without any third party tools. ![]()
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